Superferromagnetic Sensors

The strong ferromagnetic nanoparticles are analyzed within the band structure-based shell model, accounting for discrete quantum levels of conducting electrons. As is demonstrated, such an approach allows description observed superparamagnetic features these nanocrystals. Assemblies superparamagnets incorporated into nonmagnetic insulators, semiconductors, or metallic substrates shown to display coupling, resulting in a superferromagnetic ordering at sufficiently dense packing. Properties metamaterials investigated by making use randomly jumping interacting moments fluctuations induced electronic and disorder. Employing mean-field treatment assemblies, we obtain magnetic state equation, indicating conditions unstable behavior. Respectively, spinodal regions critical points occur on phase diagram ensembles. respective magnetodynamics exhibit jerky behavior expressed as erratic stochastic jumps induction curves. At points, displays self-organized criticality. Analyses noise correlations proposed model-independent analytical tools employed order specify, quantify, analyze structure origin superferromagnetism. We discuss some results sensor-mode application reactivity associated with spatially local external fields, e.g., detection particles. transport electric charge carriers between particles considered tunneling Landau-level dynamics. magnetoresistance predicted grow noticeably decreasing nanomagnet size. giant determined ratio times flight relaxation can be significant room temperature. Favorable designs systems sensor implications revealed.